According to Arapakis’ research (using data from the Health and Retirement Study, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, and administrative Medicare and Medicaid data, a 65-year-old can expect to incur an average of $310,000 of health care costs during the remainder of their life. However, almost 80% of these costs are covered by insurance, leaving them to pay a mean total of $67,000 during their retirement (not including insurance premiums). Even an individual at the 90th percentile of medical expenses would ‘only’ have to pay a total of $138,000 out of pocket (out of a total of $642,000 of costs incurred) from age 65 until their death.